Piper betle

Latin name: Piper betle
English name: Betel
Sanskrit / Indian name: Nagavel 

Betel leaves are used to increase alertness and awareness (as a stimulant), reduce the possibility of infection (as an antiseptic) and a breath-freshener Paan. In Ayurvedic 
medicine, they are used as an agent which is used to increase sexual desire (aphrodisiac). They are used to treat headaches, damage caused to the joints of the body (arthritis). 
They are used to relieve toothache. They are also used to cure indigestion, constipation, 
as a decongestant.

Plumbago zeylanica

Latin name: Plumbago zeylanica
English name: White Leadwort
Sanskrit / Indian name: Chitraka

The root bark of P. zeylanica contains plumbagin (distributed in most of the secondary
cortex and medullary ray cells) free glucose and fructose, and the enzymes protease
and invertase. It is powerful irritant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic that is
useful in rheumatism.

Pongamia pinnata / P. glabra

Latin name: Pongamia pinnata / P. glabra
English name: Pongam oil Tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Karanja

Karanjin in the seed oil has antimicrobial and insecticidal properties

Ricinus communis

Latin name: Ricinus communis
English name: Castor
Sanskrit / Indian name: Eranda, Gandharva hasta

Castor oil consists principally of ricinoleic acid. The oil is used externally to relieve various inflammatory conditions of the skin and mucus membrane. Small quantities of castor seed
are used as a mild laxative for children. The seed made into a paste or poultices are
reported to be applied to sores, boils and gouty or rheumatic swelling. Castor oil is
commonly used for the preparation of hair-oils, hair fixers and aromatic perfumes.

Rosa damascenaIi

Latin name: Rosa damascenaIi
English name: Persian Rose
Sanskrit / Indian name: Satapatri, Satapatrika, Gulab

The flowers also contain a bitter principle, tanning matter, fatty oil, and organic acids. The flower buds are astringent and are used in cardiac troubles, and as a tonic and aperient. The stamens and fruit are astringent.

Santalum album

Latin name: Santalum album
English name: Sandalwood Tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Chandan

Both the wood and the oil have long been employed in medicine. The main constituent of sandalwood oil is santalol. It is used to alleviate itching and inflammation. It is credited with cooling, diphoretic, diuretic and expectorant properties, and sandalwood finds several applications in household remedies.

Saraca indica

Latin name: Saraca indica
English name: Ashoka Tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Ashoka, Gandhapushpa

Its principal constituents are a steroid component and calcium salt. The bark contains the estrogenic compound ketosterol. The bark has a stimulating effect on the endometrium and ovarian tissues. It is useful in menorrhagia, leucorrhea and in internal bleeding. It also has a stimulatory effect on the ovarian tissues and may produce an oestrogen-like effect that enhances the repair of the endometrium and stops bleeding.

Sessamum indicum

Latin name: Sessamum indicum
English name: Gingelly
Sanskrit / Indian name: Tila

It used for preparation of pharmaceutical products and ointments especially in inflammatory conditions. The seeds are rich in manganese, copper, and calcium. They contain powerful antioxidants called lignans, which are also anti-carcinogenic. They also contain phytosterols, which block cholesterol production.

Solanum nigrum

Latin name: Solanum nigrum
English name: Black Nightshade
Sanskrit / Indian name: Kakamachi

Its principal constituents are a- and b- solamargine. The plant is effective in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver and is also credited with emollient, diuretic, antiseptic and laxative properties. It has a protective effect on the liver and has shown hepatoprotective activity in cases of toxicity induced by drugs and chemicals.

Swertia chirayita / S. chirata

Latin name: Swertia chirayita / S. chirata
English name: Chiretta
Sanskrit / Indian name: KirataTiktha

It is reported to contain a yellow bitter acid, ophelic acid, two bitter glucosided, chiratin. 
It is particularly useful as a tonic or mild febrifuge. In Indian medicine, it is prescribed in a variety of forms and combinations in chronic fevers and anemia. It is creadited with tonic 
and anti diarrhoeal properties. It also exhibits hypoglycemic activity.

Symplocos racemosa

Latin name: Symplocos racemosa
English name: Lodh Tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Lodhra

It’s principal constituents are the three alkolids, viz., loturine, loturidine and colloturine.
The astringent bark is given for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea and liver complaints.
It is recommended in the treatment of menorrhagia and uterine disoreders. The stem bark
is having anti-inflammatory property as well as hypothemic properties.

Syzygium cumini / Eugenia jambolana

Latin name: Syzygium cumini / Eugenia jambolana
English name: Black Plum
Sanskrit / Indian name: Jambu, Jambhul

It’s seeds have b-sitosterols, its fruits contain citric, malic and Gallic acids. Its fruit, 
powdered seed-kernel and its aqueous extract have all been shown to lower the level 
of blood sugar in diabetes mellitus. It diminishes the level of sugar in the urine and 
allays the unquenchable thirst typical in diabetes. The bark and leaf are used in diarrhea.

Terminalia arjuna

Latin name: Terminalia arjuna
English name: Arjuna
Sanskrit / Indian name: Arjuna

The bark is useful as an anti-ischemic and cardioprotective agent in hypertension and in ischemic heart diseases. It also has a tonic effect in cases of cirrhosis of the liver. It
induces a drug dependent decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. It has been reported to possess protective cardiovascular and hypolipidemic properties. It reduces the level of triglycerides and cholesterol and has been reported to enhance the synthesis of LDL-apoprotein.
This enhances the elimination of cholesterol from the body.

Terminalia bellirica

Latin name: Terminalia bellirica
English name: Belleric Myrobalan
Sanskrit / Indian name: Kalidruma, Karshaphala, Vibhitaki, Behada

Its principal constituents are beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, galloyl glucose, chebulagic acid. The fruit possesses antibacterial properties. It is employed in dropsy, 
piles and diarrhea. While using herbal eye drops containing T. bellirica, encouraging results have been obtained in cases of myopia, corneal opacity, pterigium, immature cataract, chornic and acute infective conditions. The fruit possesses myocardial depressive activity.

Terminalia Chebula

Latin name: Terminalia Chebula
English name: Chebulic Myrobalan
Sanskrit / Indian name: Haritaki, Hirada, Bal Hirada

• It is Astringent, Purgative, Stomachic and Laxative.
• It is useful in asthma, piles and cough. It is also useful in healing of wounds and scalds.
• It is used as gargle against inflammation of mucous membrane of mouth.
• It acts as an astringent on the body systems i.e. it clean outs the systems.
• It also acts as purgative and improves the digestive power.

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